Camera - based estimation of student ' s attention in class
نویسندگان
چکیده
TWO essential elements of classroom lecturing are the teacher and the students. This human core can easily be lost in the overwhelming list of technological supplements aimed at improving the teaching/learning experience. We start from the question of whether we can formulate a technological intervention around the human connection, and find indicators which would tell us when the teacher is not reaching the audience. Our approach is based on principles of unobtrusive measurements and social signal processing. Our assumption is that students with different levels of attention will display different non-verbal behaviour during the lecture. Inspired by information theory, we formulated a theoretical background for our assumptions around the idea of synchronization between the sender and receiver, and between several receivers focused on the same sender. Based on this foundation we present a novel set of behaviour metrics as the main contribution. By using a camera-based system to observe lectures, we recorded an extensive dataset in order to verify our assumptions. In our first study on motion, we found that differences in attention are manifested on the level of audience movement synchronization. We formulated the measure of “motion lag” based on the idea that attentive students would have a common behaviour pattern. For our second set of metrics we explored ways to substitute intrusive eye-tracking equipment in order to record gaze information of the entire audience. To achieve this we conducted an experiment on the relationship between head orientation and gaze direction. Based on acquired results we formulated an improved model of gaze uncertainty than the ones currently used in similar studies. In combination with improvements on head detection and pose estimation, we extracted measures of audience head and gaze behaviour from our remote recording system. From the collected data we found that synchronization between student’s head orientation and teacher’s motion serves as a reliable indicator of the attentiveness of students. To illustrate the predictive power of our features, a supervised-learning model was trained achieving satisfactory results at predicting student’s attention.
منابع مشابه
Camera Pose Estimation in Unknown Environments using a Sequence of Wide-Baseline Monocular Images
In this paper, a feature-based technique for the camera pose estimation in a sequence of wide-baseline images has been proposed. Camera pose estimation is an important issue in many computer vision and robotics applications, such as, augmented reality and visual SLAM. The proposed method can track captured images taken by hand-held camera in room-sized workspaces with maximum scene depth of 3-4...
متن کاملBall Trajectory Estimation and Robot Control to Reach the Ball Using Single Camera
In robotics research, catching a projectile object with a robotic system is one of the challenging problems. The outcome of these researches can be used in a wide range of applications such as video surveillance systems, analysis of sports videos, monitoring programs for human activities, and human-machine interactions. In this paper, we propose a new vision-based algorithm to estimate the traj...
متن کاملPerformances of classic and weighted versions of some selected methods in estimation of spectral data from camera responses
متن کامل
Comparative assessment of the accuracy of maximum likelihood and correlated signal enhancement algorithm positioning methods in gamma camera with large square photomultiplier tubes
Introduction: The gamma cameras, based on scintillation crystal followed by an array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), play a crucial role in nuclear medicine. The use of square PMTs provides the minimum dead zones in the camera. The camera with square PMTs also reduces the number of PMTs relative to the detection area. Introduction of a positioning algorithm to improve the spat...
متن کاملCamera Arrangement in Visual 3D Systems using Iso-disparity Model to Enhance Depth Estimation Accuracy
In this paper we address the problem of automatic arrangement of cameras in a 3D system to enhance the performance of depth acquisition procedure. Lacking ground truth or a priori information, a measure of uncertainty is required to assess the quality of reconstruction. The mathematical model of iso-disparity surfaces provides an efficient way to estimate the depth estimation uncertainty which ...
متن کاملDetection of Alzheimer’s Disease in Elder People Using Gait Analysis and Kinect Camera
Introduction: Gait analysis through using modern technology for detection of Alzheimer's disease has found special attention by researchers over the last decade. In this study, skeletal data recorded with a Kinect camera, were used to analyze gait for the purpose of detecting Alzheimer's disease in elders. Method: In this applied-developmental experimental study, using a Kinect camera, data wer...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2015